Weight Loss Hypnotherapists in South Gate, CA

74 practitioners who work with weight loss in South Gate.

74 practitioners found

A colorful bowl of fresh whole foods on a light background

Most people who struggle with their weight don't have an information problem. They know what healthy eating looks like. They know they should move more. The challenge isn't knowledge. It's follow-through.

That gap between knowing and doing is where hypnotherapy fits in. It doesn't give you a meal plan or a calorie target. Instead, it works on the patterns underneath, the ones that make you reach for food when you're stressed, eat past fullness, or abandon a plan three weeks in.

Why diets fail (and it's not your fault)

Research consistently shows that around 80% of people who lose weight through dieting regain it within a few years. The standard explanation is willpower, but that's not really what's happening. Your brain has deeply encoded habits around food that were built over years, sometimes decades. When you use willpower to override those habits, it works for a while. But willpower is a limited resource, and eventually, the subconscious patterns win.

This is also why emotional eating is so persistent. If your brain learned early on that food equals comfort, no amount of meal prepping will rewrite that association on its own.

How hypnotherapy approaches weight loss

Hypnotherapy targets the subconscious drivers of eating behavior. During a session, your practitioner guides you into a relaxed, focused state where your mind is more receptive to change. From there, they work on the specific patterns that are keeping you stuck.

Common areas of focus include:

  • Emotional eating. Identifying what emotions trigger overeating and building new responses to those feelings. Instead of reaching for food when stressed or bored, your brain starts defaulting to other options.
  • Portion and hunger awareness. Many people have lost touch with actual hunger signals. Hypnotherapy can help you reconnect with your body's natural cues so you eat when you're hungry and stop when you're full.
  • Cravings. Your hypnotherapist can work on reducing the intensity of specific cravings, whether that's sugar, snacking at night, or fast food.
  • Self-image. This is the piece most diets ignore entirely. How you see yourself matters. If you subconsciously identify as someone who struggles with weight, your behavior will follow that identity. Hypnotherapy can help shift that internal narrative.

What the research shows

The evidence for hypnotherapy as a weight loss tool is encouraging, especially when it's combined with behavioral changes. A meta-analysis in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology found that adding hypnotherapy to a cognitive behavioral weight loss program significantly increased weight loss compared to the behavioral program alone.

What's particularly interesting is that the benefits increased over time. Participants who used hypnotherapy continued to lose weight after the program ended, suggesting that the subconscious changes persisted beyond the sessions themselves.

That said, hypnotherapy alone, without any changes to eating or activity, is unlikely to produce significant weight loss. It's a tool that makes the behavioral changes more sustainable, not a replacement for them.

What to expect in sessions

Weight loss hypnotherapy typically runs 6 to 10 sessions, though some practitioners offer shorter programs. Your first session will focus on understanding your history with food and weight, including past diets, emotional eating patterns, and what you've already tried.

The hypnotherapy itself usually involves guided visualization: imagining yourself making different choices in the situations where you currently struggle, feeling satisfied with smaller portions, or choosing to walk instead of reaching for a snack. Your practitioner may also work on deeper beliefs about your body, your worth, and your relationship with food.

Many practitioners provide recordings for you to listen to between sessions. Consistency matters here. Listening regularly helps reinforce the new patterns.

Red flags to watch for

Be cautious of any hypnotherapist who promises rapid weight loss, specific numbers of pounds, or results without lifestyle changes. Responsible practitioners will tell you that hypnotherapy supports weight loss but isn't a standalone solution. They should also be comfortable referring you to a nutritionist or doctor if your situation calls for additional support.

The practitioners listed below are based in or around South Gate, California and have indicated weight loss as one of their areas of focus. Some profiles are verified directly by the practitioner, while others are broader listings from public sources.

Connect with a hypnotherapist in South Gate who works with weight loss

AN
Amelie Naegelen
CMH
5.0(24)
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPhobiasSelf-Esteem+4 more
I believe that everyone has the ability to tap into their inner strength and overcome any obstacle, and my goal is to help you do just that. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, phobias, weight lo...
JB
John Brown
CCHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefPain ManagementSelf-EsteemSmoking Cessation+2 more
If just making the conscious decision to do better was enough, you wouldn’t be reading this.So, rather than continue to beat yourself up, procrastinate, and blame yourself for things not being perfect...
HS
Heather Faith Schuman
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossSelf-EsteemSmoking Cessation+2 more
My greatest desire is to help others achieve their highest self-fulfillment, prosperity, and confidence by helping reframe negative perceptions and unsuccessful subconscious behaviors. I want to help ...
JG
Jayne Goldman
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anger ManagementAnxiety ReliefGrief / LossPain Management+5 more
Jayne Goldman is a Certified Hypnotherapist and Master NLP Coach. She is the principal and founder of Best Life Hypnotherapy based in Los Angeles, California. After completing her MBA, Jayne spent 30 ...
RC
Rosemary Churns
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPain ManagementPerformance Anxiety+6 more
Rosemary Churns is dedicated to gently guiding and inspiring others to unlock their unique potential that lies within by harnessing the power of the subconscious mind. Through the use of hypnotherapy,...
AS
Ali Sotoodeh
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPhobiasSleep Disorders+5 more
Ali Sotoodeh is an Honors Graduate from the Hypnosis Motivation Institute with the prestigious Director’s Award. Along with his certifications in Imagery, Pain Management, Past life Regression, Smokin...
JH
Jane Helliwell
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPerformance AnxietyPhobias+3 more
Jane Helliwell is a Certified Hypnotherapist and Honors Graduate of the Hypnosis Motivation Institute (HMI) College of Hypnotherapy.Although trained initially in her native London in 2008 in Hypnosis ...
JD
Julie Davis
CCHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPain ManagementPerformance Anxiety+6 more
For as long as I can remember, Julie saw life as one big art project. She finds the art in people and offers them reminders of what they experienced. Her attention to detail and depth of development b...
KO
Kyra Oser
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Grief / LossPain ManagementPerformance AnxietyPhobias+5 more
Rated by NBC and CBS in the US as one of the country’s leading Tarot Readers, Kyra Oser is a world-renowned KKNW and CBS radio personality.As a college professor, she taught courses at Moorpark Colleg...
TL
Tanit Phoenix Lourd
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPain ManagementRelationship Issues+6 more
Born and raised in South Africa, I built a successful international career as a model and actress, working with major fashion brands and starring in film and television productions. While the entertai...
LS
LaMont Sinclair
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPerformance AnxietyRelationship Issues+4 more
When I was a kid, I believed in real magic, the kind that makes your gut say, you’re meant for more. Life buried that belief under expectations, careers, and addiction, but it never fully disappeared....
TW
Theresa Walker
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPhobiasRelationship Issues+4 more
Hello there! I’m so glad you found your way here. I’m Theresa, and I began my hypnotherapist training in 2013, by "accident" when I sought the guidance of a hypnotherapist to help me navigate some dif...
AN
Amelie Naegelen
CMH
5.0(24)
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPhobiasSelf-Esteem+4 more
I believe that everyone has the ability to tap into their inner strength and overcome any obstacle, and my goal is to help you do just that. Whether you are struggling with anxiety, phobias, weight loss, or simply want to improve your overall well-being, I am here to guide you on your journey to success.Hypnosis is a gentle yet powerful and accelerated approach to help you living your best life. I understand that each person is unique with their own set of challenges and goals, which is why I customize my sessions to meet your individual needs. Through a combination of relaxation techniques, visualization exercises, and positive affirmations, we will work together to help you achieve your desired outcome.I was born in Paris, France and spent much of most of my adult life working and building a marketing career in luxury and fashion industries in Paris, Hong Kong, Miami, and finally Los Angeles where I now live with my husband and my 3 kids. At the age of 40, I made a huge switch in my professional life. Passionate about holistic approaches and neuroscience evolution, I started learning hypnosis after finding what I was missing: a feeling of being grounded and balanced along with my strong purpose to help people.With my expertise, my background, my energy and my heart, I want to help people live the life they want, achieve their goals, feel happier, healthier, and be able to manage their stress, fears, and anxiety. Hypnosis is a fabulous tool which can help everyone to make a change, at any age, if they really want to because we are all more powerful than we think we are.Based in Los Angeles, California, I am seeing clients virtually and in-person. I offer sessions in both French and English.Let me help you make a positive change in your life!
JB
John Brown
CCHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefPain ManagementSelf-EsteemSmoking Cessation+2 more
If just making the conscious decision to do better was enough, you wouldn’t be reading this.So, rather than continue to beat yourself up, procrastinate, and blame yourself for things not being perfect, maybe it’s time to try something new.This is where hypnotherapy can help. By helping you make changes and accept them at the subconscious level, you can develop a new mindset and put 100% of your energy toward moving forward.My goal is to provide a hypnotherapeutic practice that combines hypnotic suggestion, facilitated imagery, common sense and empathy in order to help my clients make positive, swift, and enjoyable changes and become happier, healthier, more prosperous, and more successful.If you’re ready to get started, please give me a call or contact me via the contact button at the bottom of the page.
HS
Heather Faith Schuman
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossSelf-EsteemSmoking Cessation+2 more
My greatest desire is to help others achieve their highest self-fulfillment, prosperity, and confidence by helping reframe negative perceptions and unsuccessful subconscious behaviors. I want to help people strengthen their connections to their unique self, creativity, motivations, and desires leading to self-acceptance and ultimately manifesting prosperity and confidence.I am grateful for the tools of Hypnosis, EFT, Therapeutic Guided Imagery, Meditation, Reiki, and healing facials to help my clients achieve their goals. Nothing makes me happier than seeing someone grow and feel like they are the best version of themselves.With that said, I strongly believe that it is the clients who heal themselves. I am just their guide sharing my knowledge, tips, and energy.
JG
Jayne Goldman
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anger ManagementAnxiety ReliefGrief / LossPain Management+5 more
Jayne Goldman is a Certified Hypnotherapist and Master NLP Coach. She is the principal and founder of Best Life Hypnotherapy based in Los Angeles, California. After completing her MBA, Jayne spent 30 years in the business world before discovering her real passion and talent for guiding people in creating breakthrough changes in their lives.She received her Hypnotherapy training at the prestigious Hypnosis Motivation Institute and graduated with Honors and the distinguished Directors Award for her achievements in clinical practice. She received her Master NLP Coaching Certification from the Tad James Company and was trained by Tad James himself, developer of Time Line Therapy®, a commonly used and extremely effective NLP technique.Jayne credits her son as her inspiration for her work today...I became a Hypnotherapist and Master NLP Coach because of a success story with my son, Andrew. Andrew has Ataxic Cerebral Palsy, which is related to fine motor and balance. Cognitive processing is significantly impacted and resulted in severe learning delays; he was not reading at age 23. Although he is developmentally delayed, Andrew did have the real ability to read by the time he was in his early teens. However, because he had tried and failed for so many years, he refused to even look at a book and had a very poor self-image.A friend suggested that Hypnotherapy and NLP Coaching might help him to believe in himself. Through a series of sessions, the therapist had him believing that he was so smart that reading was easy for him. To my shock, Andrew began to read, driving his self-esteem through the roof! The power of Hypnotherapy and NLP techniques were obvious to me and from that point forward, I was determined to learn as much as I could about this field so I could help others to achieve miracles in their lives, as well.
RC
Rosemary Churns
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPain ManagementPerformance Anxiety+6 more
Rosemary Churns is dedicated to gently guiding and inspiring others to unlock their unique potential that lies within by harnessing the power of the subconscious mind. Through the use of hypnotherapy, negative emotions, limiting beliefs and unconscious patterns are released and replaced with new, positive and supportive behaviors that motivate and empower you to create the life you not only want but truly deserve.A Welcoming Note from Rosemary ChurnsI have traveled and lived around the world as a successful and sought after executive in the entertainment industry. My personal encounters with literally hundreds of people have led me to appreciate that our similarities are far greater than our differences. It is with understanding and compassion that I help you to tap into the powerful resource of your subconscious mind to transform your challenges into opportunities that motivate you to achieve your goals and create your dreams.I am devoted to inspiring and empowering you to cultivate and maintain mindfulness based lifestyle practices that support the body, mind and spirit. I work with the 88% of your mind that operates on the subconscious level while you manage the remaining 12% which is your conscious mind. Working together in this way we can resolve personal issues, replace unwanted attitudes and habits with new, positive and supportive ones, improve focus and direct and maximize your performance to promote your growth and success.With this approach you can achieve the effective and lasting positive results that you desire and in the process you will free your mind, heal your heart and live your dreams.I am holding your new vision for you!RosemaryRosemary Churns is a Certified Hypnotherapist and a Quantum Hypnotherapist with a worldwide practice. She is located in Los Angeles, California, USA and conducts online and phone appointments.
AS
Ali Sotoodeh
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPhobiasSleep Disorders+5 more
Ali Sotoodeh is an Honors Graduate from the Hypnosis Motivation Institute with the prestigious Director’s Award. Along with his certifications in Imagery, Pain Management, Past life Regression, Smoking Cessation and numerous others from HMI, he holds certifications in Neuro-Linguistic Programming, Success and Life Coach, and EFT from the International Board of Coaches and Practitioners. He is also a Master Reiki, Spiritual and Chakra Healer, and Motivational Speaker.Ali Sotoodeh graduated from UC Berkeley in 1991 with a BA in Architecture and then attended SCI-Arc for his Masters in Architecture. From 1996, Ali endeavored in many entrepreneurial roles including Founder and CEO of a .com; Furniture Manufacturing and Retail in Beverly Hills; a Technical Trader and Analyst; Author of “Mindful Trading Systems” book utilizing Elliott Wave Theory and combining it with theory of Mindfulness in the FOREX exchange markets; etc… until he could not ignore his calling anymore.Ali’s spiritual journey started with some of the greatest leaders in the realm of psychology and spirituality. Combining years of research, awakening, and enlightenment with practical scientific application, proven methods and tools to facilitate a new holistic approach to therapy and transformational learnings, Ali’s mission is to provide clients with a way to overcome limiting beliefs, traumas and addictions, so that they may become self-empowered. Leading, like a beacon of light, those ready to transform their lives, to realize their own true potential to bring back the magic, joy, love and the trust for life. In turn, they can be that beacon of light for others.He has been extended the honor to join Hypnosis Motivation Institute as an Associate Instructor in 2021.Ali is also working with several Dental Groups in the Los Angeles area as their in-house Hypnotherapist, helping clients with all dental fears and phobias, pain management, and recovery. Ali now has a thriving practice in Los Angeles where he is helping his clients transform their lives.
JH
Jane Helliwell
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPerformance AnxietyPhobias+3 more
Jane Helliwell is a Certified Hypnotherapist and Honors Graduate of the Hypnosis Motivation Institute (HMI) College of Hypnotherapy.Although trained initially in her native London in 2008 in Hypnosis and Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP), after several years back in California, Jane continued with more in-depth study at HMI and also studied Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT), often referred to as tapping. She as well uses several other healing modalities including TimeLine Therapy, Dream Therapy and Handwriting Analysis, to help assist her clients in many unique and effective ways.She believes that we are all on an individual path of purpose and fulfillment - our individualized curriculum, if you will - and that the challenges and blocks along the way which seem to prevent us from being fully realized are actually helpful, can be identified, can inform us, and can then be released. With a combination of intuition and insight, humor and sometimes, personal experience, Jane will assist you, using hypnosis to deepen the process and expedite the journey, making positive change more easily accomplished.Having experienced many early decades of depression, and also being a (very healthy) cancer survivor, Jane is passionate about working with clients experiencing - or having experienced - these conditions.Jane has been a student of "A Course in Miracles" for more than 25 years and is a teacher of its spiritual principles.It takes great learning to understand that all things, events, encounters and circumstances are helpful.A Course in Miracles M-4.I.A.4:5
JD
Julie Davis
CCHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPain ManagementPerformance Anxiety+6 more
For as long as I can remember, Julie saw life as one big art project. She finds the art in people and offers them reminders of what they experienced. Her attention to detail and depth of development brings her subjects to life. While her hypnosis journey formalized during her time at HMI, her talent for the art of suggestion guided her from her earliest moments.As a child, she found art in everything from how she dressed and played to how she competed as a figure skater. As a student, she honed her studio craft by studying her teachers and opening her heart up to outside influences. As a creative, she made waves by choosing themes to highlight the emotive forces of line, color and more. As a teacher, her journey through theater and vocal performance allowed her to connect with students across the spectrum in fine arts.Before facilitating healing imagery journeys for her clients, she founded a learning center in Portland, Oregon for children and adults that need to move to learn. During her tenure she saw how great an impact the subconscious has on those who struggle to focus.She believes in the power of teamwork, between therapist and client, integrating all aspects of the human condition, and she specializes in helping the subconscious and conscious areas work together through the positive, life-changing benefits of hypnosis and other therapeutic modalities which integrate and improve lives.In her practice, she creates a safe, inviting space to help clients reach their personal goals through reduction of stress and anxiety, boosting self-confidence, pain management, smoking cessation, weight wellness, changing emotional patterns, and so much more, including through her favorite art form of all: Therapeutic Imagery.
KO
Kyra Oser
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Grief / LossPain ManagementPerformance AnxietyPhobias+5 more
Rated by NBC and CBS in the US as one of the country’s leading Tarot Readers, Kyra Oser is a world-renowned KKNW and CBS radio personality.As a college professor, she taught courses at Moorpark College, Oxnard College, and Learning Tree University. She guest lectured for Psychology courses at Pacific States University, and has a Graduate Certificate in Contemporary Analytical Psychology and Neo-Jungian Studies from Pacifica Graduate Institute.
TL
Tanit Phoenix Lourd
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPain ManagementRelationship Issues+6 more
Born and raised in South Africa, I built a successful international career as a model and actress, working with major fashion brands and starring in film and television productions. While the entertainment industry took me around the world and offered incredible opportunities, I was always deeply captivated by the human experience—what drives us, what limits us, and how our subconscious beliefs shape the lives we live.This lifelong fascination with human behavior led me to transition from the world of film and fashion into the world of healing and transformation. I immersed myself in the study of the subconscious mind, becoming a Certified Hypnotherapist and Master NLP Practitioner through the Hypnosis Motivation Institute. I now specialize in mindset analysis and the powerful rewiring of limiting beliefs, integrating a deep understanding of neuroscience, hypnotherapy, and quantum principles to guide clients toward real and lasting change.My work is rooted in the belief that we are far more powerful than we remember—and that the key to unlocking that power lies within the subconscious mind. I help clients release emotional blocks, resolve trauma, and reprogram outdated patterns so they can step fully into their authentic selves. Whether working one-on-one, leading group hypnosis experiences, or speaking on stage, my mission is to help others awaken to their true potential and remember who they truly are.From international stages to the deepest corners of the human psyche, my journey has been one of transformation—and now, I’m honored to help others embark on that same journey back to themselves.
LS
LaMont Sinclair
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPerformance AnxietyRelationship Issues+4 more
When I was a kid, I believed in real magic, the kind that makes your gut say, you’re meant for more. Life buried that belief under expectations, careers, and addiction, but it never fully disappeared.After earning a dual Master’s in Journalism and Business Administration, I worked in SEO marketing, trying to follow the “right” path. But in 2020, my world collapsed under the weight of anxiety, depression, addiction, and an identity I no longer recognized. That’s when I discovered self-hypnosis, not as a career path, but as a lifeline. It saved me. And in time, it guided me back to the truth of who I am.Now, as a Certified Hypnotherapist trained by HMI, I bring that same magic, grounded in science, shaped by struggle, and refined through education into every session. I specialize in supporting clients navigating addiction recovery, performance confidence, anxiety, trauma, sexuality, and identity.My certifications reflect my holistic, trauma-informed, and mind-body-integrated approach. These include Therapeutic Imagery, Past-Life Regression, Smoking Cessation, Driving Anxiety and Social Phobias, and Hypnosis for Immune Disorders, among many others. I’ve completed advanced coursework in Positive Psychology, Somatic and Parts Work, Depth Psychology, and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT).I also draw from deep training in Crisis Intervention, Emotional and Physical Sexuality, and Understanding the Big Book of Alcoholics Anonymous, allowing me to support clients from all walks of recovery with compassion, clarity, and structure. Whether we’re building confidence for auditions, healing from chronic pain patterns, or exploring inner child work through psychosynthesis, I hold space for transformation, no matter how chaotic or noisy life gets. Resilience is my superpower.I believe every person has an inner voice that wants to be heard, healed, and empowered. If you’re ready to reconnect with your voice, your vision, and your sense of wholeness, I’d be honored to walk alongside you.
TW
Theresa Walker
CHt
Los Angeles, CA
Anxiety ReliefGrief / LossPhobiasRelationship Issues+4 more
Hello there! I’m so glad you found your way here. I’m Theresa, and I began my hypnotherapist training in 2013, by "accident" when I sought the guidance of a hypnotherapist to help me navigate some difficulties I was facing in my life. I had never been to a hypnotherapist before, and wasn’t sure what to expect. Nor did I realize what a pivotal point this would become in my life. Within a short time, I left a 20-year career in the music business to dedicate myself full-time to learning this powerful modality.I’m assuming you may be interested in hypnotherapy because your brain might be running some outdated “programs” that aren’t serving you anymore. Perhaps you’ve tried other forms of treatments and therapies to resolve your issue and you’re seeking hypnosis as a last hope. Or, maybe you want to bring more success to a certain area of your life and maximize your brain power to support your goal. If any of this sounds like you, you’ve come to the right place.No matter what you may be dealing with right now, the truth is we are never truly stuck. But it sure feels like it sometimes, huh? Why is it so hard to change even though we REALLY want to? The reality is that our subconscious mind is always operatingexactlythe way it’s been programmed, whether we like it or not. This is good news, because our behaviors are learned and can therefore be unlearned. When we work in harmony with the subconscious mind, we can begin to create lasting change. This is how I can help you.I utilize Hypnotherapy, Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT Tapping), and other neuro-rewiring techniques and healing modalities to help you update your subconscious blueprints so you can relax, and start creating something new. Hypnotherapy has transformed my life in unimaginable ways, and I’m passionate about sharing it with those that are ready for this work. If you think this might be you, I’d love to be your guide along the path. I’m happy to set up a free consultation to answer questions and discuss any concerns. Looking forward to hearing from you.

Frequently Asked Questions

How does hypnotherapy help with weight loss?
Hypnotherapy works on the subconscious patterns that drive eating behavior, things like emotional eating, portion habits, and food cravings. Rather than giving you another diet plan, it helps change your relationship with food at a deeper level so that healthier choices feel more natural.
How many sessions does weight loss hypnotherapy take?
Most hypnotherapists recommend 6 to 10 sessions for weight loss, since it involves shifting multiple habits and beliefs over time. Some people see changes in how they think about food within the first few sessions, but sustainable weight loss usually requires ongoing work.
Will hypnotherapy make me lose weight without dieting or exercise?
No. Hypnotherapy is not a substitute for healthy eating and physical activity. What it can do is make those things easier by reducing cravings, changing your relationship with food, and helping you follow through on intentions you already have. Be cautious of any practitioner who promises weight loss without lifestyle changes.
Is hypnotherapy for weight loss supported by research?
Research supports hypnotherapy as a useful complement to behavioral weight loss programs. A meta-analysis in the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology found that people who added hypnotherapy to their weight loss program lost significantly more weight than those who used the program alone. The benefit also increased over time, suggesting lasting habit changes.